welcome to ARCHITECTURAL DRAFTING

Architecture

(comes from a latin word "architectura", from the Greek ,"arkitekton", ὰρχιτεκτονική – arkhitektonike, from ὰρχι chief or leader and Τεκτονική builder or carpenter) is the art and science of designing buildings and other physical structures.

Architecture is both the process and product of planning, designing and constructing space that reflects functional, social, and aesthetic considerations. It requires the manipulation and coordination of material, technology, light, and shadow. Architecture also encompasses the pragmatic aspects of realizing designed spaces, such as project planning, cost estimating and construction administration. A wider definition may comprise all design activity from the macro-level (urban design, landscape architecture) to the micro-level (construction details and furniture). In fact, architecture today may refer to the activity of designing any kind of system and is often used in the IT world.

Architectural works are often perceived as cultural and political symbols and as works of art. Historical civilizations are often identified with their surviving architectural achievements.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture/

posted by:gloria and nissan

drafting

Precise graphical representation of a structure, machine, or its component parts that communicates the intent of a technical design to the fabricator (or the prospective buyer) of the product. Drawings may present the various aspects of an object's form, show the object projected in space, or explain how it is built. Drafting uses orthographic projection, in which the object is viewed along parallel lines that are perpendicular to the plane of the drawing. Orthographic drawings include top views (plans), flat front and side views (elevations), and cross-sectional views showing profile. Perspective drawing, which presents a realistic illusion of space, uses a horizon line and vanishing points to show how objects and spatial relationships might appear to the eye, including diminution of size and convergence of parallel lines. Drafting was done with precision instruments (T square or parallel rule, triangle, mechanical pens and pencils) until computerization revolutionized production methods in architectural and engineering offices.



Architecture

is both the process and product of planning, designing and constructing space that reflects functional, social, and aesthetic considerations. It requires the manipulation and coordination of material, technology, light, and shadow. Architecture also encompasses the pragmatic aspects of realizing designed spaces, such as project planning, cost estimating and construction administration. A wider definition may comprise all design activity from the macro-level (urban design, landscape architecture) to the micro-level (construction details and furniture). In fact, architecture today may refer to the activity of designing any kind of system and is often used in the IT world.
Architectural works are often perceived as cultural and political symbols and as works of art. Historical civilizations are often identified with their surviving architectural achievements.
http://www.answers.com/topic/drafting

Posted by: Amie Marilou M. Cuarez

Free Hand Sketching

Freehand Sketching
Sketching is an important method for quickly and economically communicating your design ideas. Visualizing objects in three dimensions is aided by sketching.

Sketching is a process of creating a rough, preliminary drawing to represent the main features of a design, whether it is a manufactured product, a chemical process, or a structure. Commonly, sketches are produced freehand, with a minimum of instrument use. The tools used for sketching consist of pencil, eraser and paper. Software-based systems (e.g. AutoCAD®) may also be used, but paper and pencil are far more transportable, less costly, and are often close at hand.

Sketches take many forms, and vary in level of detail. The engineer determines the level of detail based on clarity and purpose of the sketch, as well as the intended audience. Sketches are important to record the fleeting thoughts associated with idea generation. Clarifying a technical detail can be aided through sketching. Explaining a complicated manufacturing or chemical conversion process can be visualized through use of a well-developed sketch.

Sketching is an important tool for communicating with other members of the design team and is most commonly used in the idea generation stage of the project. Sketching is often used to explore ideas, capturing mental images that result from the creative thinking process. Sketches are typically less detailed than design drawings, so the engineer is free to rapidly produce and capture ideas in a less restrictive form.

A freehand sketch is not a messy drawing, nor should a messy drawing be considered a freehand sketch. There are rules that apply to freehand sketching, just as rules apply to every other form of communication. Why? Recall the objectives for producing a freehand sketch in the first place (rapid, preliminary drawings to convey the main features of your design to other people). Secondly, recall that if you are investing the resources (your time, money, and your supervisor’s time) in recording a design idea, then it is best done correctly, the first time.

Sketching Tools

Pencils
Use of a medium hardness pencil lead (e.g., H, HB) is often best for sketching. Mechanical pencils retain a point better than wooden pencils, allowing greater control over the quality of the lines being drawn. If only a single pencil is used, a 0.5-mm lead thickness is the optimum choice. Thicker lines may be drawn with a 0.7-mm lead mechanical pencil, if emphasis is desired.

Eraser
Use an eraser only to correct a mistake in drawing. If you want to change the design, make a new sketch.

Paper
One might use plain bond paper for the greatest degree of flexibility. Square grid and isometric grid paper is helpful for drawing straight lines and keeping the dimensions in proportion to each other. Tracing paper placed over grid paper allows one to produce a freehand sketch without contending with visible lines in the final sketch.

posted by:gloria and nissan

Different Perspective layouts

Posted by: Amie Marilou M. Cuarez.


























ttp://images.google.com.ph/imglanding?q=perspective%20drawing

An architectural drawing or architect's drawing is a technical drawing of a building (or building project) that falls within the definition of architecture. Architectural drawings are used by architects and others for a number of purposes: to develop a design idea into a coherent proposal, to communicate ideas and concepts, to convince clients of the merits of a design, to enable a building contractor to construct it, as a record of the completed work, and to make a record of a building that already exists. Architectural drawings are drawn according to a set of conventions, which include particular views (floor plan, section etc.), sheet sizes, units of measurement and scales, annotation and cross referencing. Conventionally, drawings were made in ink on paper or a similar material, and any copies required had to be laboriously made by hand.

landscape...

Different featured landscape

posted by:gloria and nissan

Architectural Drafting Designs

Examples of cool house painted

An excellent design of houses that is painted in fabulous colors... it pretty cool! its look like realistic..

http://dornob.com/cool-colors-10-crazy-painted-houses-home-painting-jobs/

posted by:gloria and nissan

" Importance of Architecture "

Here are the different insights coming from the different persons who talks about the importance of Arhitecture... amie.

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"But how is a taste in this beautiful art to be formed in our countrymen, unless we avail ourselves of every occasion when public buildings are to be erected, of presenting to them models for their study and imitation? . . . . the comfort of laying out the public money for something honourable, the satisfaction of seeing an object and proof of national good taste, and the regret and mortification of erecting a monument of our barbarism which will be loaded with execrations as long as it shall endure. . . . You see I am an enthusiast on the subject of the arts. But it is an enthusiasm of which I am not ashamed, as its object is to improve the taste of my countrymen, to increase their reputation, to reconcile them to the rest of the world, and procure them its praise." TJ to James Madison, September 20, 1785 DLC, ed. Julian P Boyd, The Papers of Thomas Jefferson 8:535.

"architecture is among the most important arts and it is desirable to introduce taste into an art which show [s?] so much," painting and sculpture are "too expensive for the state of wealth among us. It would be useless, therefore, and preposterous, for us to make outselves connoisseurs in those arts. They are worth seeing, but not studying." Notes on objects of attention for an American," ed. Julian P. Boyd The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, 13, (1956), p. 269

"You are right in what you have thought and done as to the metopes of our Doric pavilion [Pavilion 1, UVA]. Those of the baths of Diocletian are all human faces and so are to be those of our Doric pavilion. But in my middle room at Poplar Forest I mean to mix the faces and ox-sculls, a fancy which I can indulge in my own case, altho in a public work I feel bound to follow authority strictly. The mitred ox-sculls for my room are for its inner angles." Thomas Jefferson to William Coffee July 10, 1822, MHI (Chambers, p. 146)

"Architecture is my delight, and putting up and pulling down one of my favorite amusements." Statement attributed to Jefferson in, Margaret Bayard Smith, A Winter in Washington (New York: 1824) 2:261

Architecture is a very good test of the true strength of a society, for the most valuable things in a human state are the irrevocable things—marriage, for instance. And architecture approaches nearer than any other art to being irrevocable, because it is so difficult to get rid of. You can turn a picture with its face to the wall; it would be a nuisance to turn that Roman cathedral with its face to the wall. You can tear a poem to pieces; it is only in moments of very sincere emotion that you tear a town-hall to pieces.

G. K. Chesterton

(from Tremendous Trifles, 1909)

Posted By: Amie Marilou M. Cuarez

BSED-TLE-4B

Orthographic Projection

A projection on a plane, using lines perpendicular to the plan. Orthographic is one such form. It was developed as a way of communicating information about physical objects. It is part of a universal system of drawings. House plans - one well known drawing format, are a form of orthographic projection. The most commonly used pictorial drawing for technical information is called isometric drawings. Isometric drawings were developed to approximate perspective, but are much easier to draw. For a square box, all the sides are drawn as vertical lines, or at 30 degrees to the horizontal.

posted by:nissan dagala

GLOSSARY

Glossary of Architecture:

A
Acanthus Leaf - Motif in classical architecture found on Corinthian columns
Aedicula - A pedimented entablature with columns used to frame a window or niche
aisle - subsidiary space alongside the body of a building, separated from it by columns, piers, or posts.
Apron -
raised panel below a window or wall monument or tablet.
open portion of a marine terminal immediately adjacent to a vessel berth, used in the direct transfer of cargo between the vessel and the terminal.
concrete slab immediately outside a vehicular door or passageway used to limit the wear on asphalt paving due to repetitive turning movements.
Apse - vaulted semicircular or polygonal end of a chancel or chapel.
Arcade - passage or walkway covered over by a succession of arches or vaults supported by columns. Blind arcade or arcading: the same applied to the wall surface.
Arch - a curved structure capable of spanning a space while supporting significant weight.
Architrave - formalized lintel, the lowest member of the classical entablature. Also the moulded frame of a door or window (often borrowing the profile of a classical architrave).
Arris - sharp edge where two surfaces meet at an angle.
Articulation - articulation is the manner or method of jointing parts such that each part is clear and distinct in relation to the others, even though joined.
Ashlar - masonry of large blocks cut with even faces and square edges.
Astragal - Molding with a semicircular profile
Astylar - Facade without columns or pilasters
Atrium - (plural: atria) inner court of a Roman or C20 house; in a multi-storey building, a toplit covered court rising through all storeys.
Attic - small top storey within a roof. The storey above the main entablature of a classical façade.
[edit] B
Bahut - a small parapet or attic wall bearing the weight of the roof of a cathedral or church
Balconet - False balcony outside a window
Ball flower - an architectural ornament in the form of a ball inserted in the cup of a flower, which came into use in the latter part of the 13th, and was in great vogue in the early part of the 14th century.
Baluster - small moulded shaft, square or circular, in stone or wood, sometimes metal, supporting the coping of a parapet or the handrail of a staircase; a series of balusters supporting a handrail or coping.

A page of fanciful balusters
Balustrade - Railing at a stairway, porch or roof
Bargeboard - Decorative boards located at the end of a gable
Barrel vault - an architectural element formed by the extrusion of a single curve (or pair of curves, in the case of a pointed barrel vault) along a given distance
Basement - lowest, subordinate storey of building often either entirely or partially below ground level; the lowest part of classical elevation, below the piano nobile.
Basilica - originally a Roman, large roofed hall erected for transacting business and disposing of legal matters.; later the term came to describe an aisled building with a clerestory. Medieval cathedral plans were a development of the basilica plan type.
Bas Relief - Shallow carving of figures and landscapes
Batter - upwardly receding slope of a wall or column.
Bays - internal compartments of a building; each divided from the other by subtle means such as the boundaries implied by divisions marked in the side walls (columns, pilasters, etc) or the ceiling (beams, etc). Also external divisions of a building by fenestration (windows).
Bay window - window of one or more storeys projecting from the face of a building. Canted: with a straight front and angled sides. Bow window: curved. Oriel: rests on corbels or brackets and starts above ground level; also the bay window at the dais end of a medieval great hall.
Belfry Chamber or stage in a tower where bells are hung. The term is also used to describe the manner in which bricks are laid in a wall so that they interlock.
Belt Course - Narrow horizontal band projecting from exterior walls, usually defining interior floor levels
Belvedere - Projection from top of roof; also called cupola
Bond - brickwork with overlapping bricks. Types of bond include stretcher, English, header, Flemish, garden wall, herringbone, basket, American, and Chinese.
Boss - roughly cut stone set in place for later carving.
Also, an ornamental projection, a carved keystone of a ribbed vault at the intersection of the ogives.
Bossage - uncut stone that is laid in place in a building, projecting outward from the building, to later be carved into decorative moldings, capitals, arms, etc.
Boutant - type of support. An arc-boutant, or flying buttress, serves to sustain a vault, and is self-sustained by some strong wall or massive work. A pillar boutant is a large chain or jamb of stone, made to support a wall, terrace, or vault. The word is French, and comes from the verb bouter, "to butt" or "abut". [2]
Bracket (see also "corbel") - load-bearing member made of wood, stone, or metal that overhangs a wall
Bressummer - (literally "breast- beam") - large, horizontal beam supporting the wall above, especially in a jettied building.
Brise soleil - projecting fins or canopies which shade windows from direct sunlight.
Broken Pediment - Pediment with cornices ending before they meet at the top; finial often placed in the center
Bulkhead - Horizontal or inclined door over exterior stairway to cellar
Bullseye window - small oval window, set horizontally.
Bulwark - barricade of beams and soil used in 15th and 16th century fortifications designed to mount artillery. On board ships the term refers to the woodwork running round the ship above the level of the deck. Figuratively it means anything serving as a defence. Dutch loanword; Bolwerk
Buttress - vertical member projecting from a wall to stabilize it or to resist the lateral thrust of an arch, roof, or vault. A flying buttress transmits the thrust to a heavy abutment by means of an arch or half-arch.
[edit] C
Cancellus - (plural: Cancelli) Barriers which correspond to the modern balustrade or railing, especially the screen dividing the body of a church from the part occupied by the ministers hence chancel. The Romans employed cancelli to partition off portions of the courts of law.
Cantilever - An unsupported overhang acting as a lever, like a flagpole sticking out of the side of a wall.
Casement window - window hung vertically, hinged one side, so that it swings inward or outward.
Cauliculus, or caulicole - stalks (eight in number) with two leaves from which rise the helices or spiral scrolls of the Corinthian capital to support the abacus.
Cavetto - a hollow concave molding sometimes employed in the place of the cymatium of a cornice, as in that of the Doric order of the theatre of Marcellus. "Cavetto". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). 1911.
Cella - the inner chamber of a temple in classical architecture
Chalcidicum - in Roman architecture, the vestibule or portico of a public building opening on to the forum, as in the basilica of Eumactria at Pompeii, and the basilica of Constantine at Rome, where it was placed at one end. See: Lacunar.
Chandrashala - the circular or horseshoe arch that decorates many Indian cave temples and shrines
Chresmographion - chamber between the pronaos and the cella in Greek temples where oracles were delivered.
Cincture - ring, list, or fillet at the top and bottom of a column, which divides the shaft from the capital and base.[2]
Cinque cento - style which became prevalent in Italy in the century following 1500, now usually called 16th-century work. It was the result of the revival of classic architecture known as Renaissance, but the change had commenced already a century earlier, in the works of Ghiberti and Donatello in sculpture, and of Brunelleschi and Alberti in architecture.
Cippus - low pedestal, either round or rectangular, set up by the Romans for various purposes such as military or milestones, boundary posts. The inscriptions on some in the British Museum show that they were occasionally funeral memorials.
Circulation - describes the flow of people throughout a building.
Cleithral - term applied to a covered Greek temple, in contradistinction to hypaethral, which designates one that is uncovered; the roof of a cleithral temple completely covers it. "Cleithral". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). 1911.
Coffer - a sunken panel in the shape of a square, rectangle, or octagon that serves as a decorative device, usually in a ceiling or vault. Also called caissons, or lacunar.[1]
Colarin - (also colarino, collarino, or hypotrachelium) The little frieze of the capital of the Tuscan and Doric column placed between the astragal, and the annulets. It was called hypotrachelium by Vitruvius.
Compluvium - Latin term for the open space left in the roof of the atrium of a Roman house (domus) for lighting it and the rooms round.
Conch - the semi-dome of an apse or niche, or the whole apse.
Coping - the capping or covering of a wall.
Cornice - upper section of an entablature, a projecting shelf along the top of a wall often supported by brackets.
coving - a concave surface forming the decorative molding of a ceiling at its edge so as to eliminate the usual interior angle between the wall and ceiling.
Cross springer - block from which the diagonal ribs of a vault spring or start. The top of the springer is known as the skewback.
Cryptoporticus - concealed or covered passage, generally underground, though lighted and ventilated from the open air. One of the best-known examples is the crypto-porticus under the palaces of the Caesars in Rome. In Hadrian's villa in Rome they formed the principal private intercommunication between the several buildings.
Cushion - the sides of the Ionic capital. It is also applied to an early and simple form of the Romanesque capitals of Germany and England, which consist of cubical masses, square at the top and rounded off at the four corners, so as to reduce the lower diameter to a circle of the same size as the shaft. "Cushion". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). 1911.
Cusp - the point where the foliations of tracery intersect. The earliest example of a plain cusp is Ely Cathedral, where a small roll, with a rosette at the end, is formed at the termination of a cusp. In the later styles, the terminations of the cusps were more richly decorated. "Cusp". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). 1911.
Cymatium - a molding on the cornice of some classical buildings.
cyrto-style - circular projecting portico with columns, like those of the transept entrances of St Paul's cathedral and the western entrance of St Mary-le-Strand, London.
[edit] D
Dado - the lower part of a wall, below the dado rail and above the skirting board; mid section of a pedestal, between base and cornice
Dentil - Molding made up of rows of small square blocks
Diastyle - term used to designate an intercolumniation of three or four diameters.
Diaulos - peristyle round the great court of the palaestra, described by Vitruvius, which measured two stadia (1,200 ft.) in length, on the south side this peristyle had two rows of columns, so that in stormy weather the rain might not be driven into the inner part. The word was also used in ancient Greece for a foot race of twice the usual length.
Diazoma - a horizontal aisle in an ancient Greek theater that separates the lower and upper tiers of semi-circular seating and intersects with the vertical aisles
Dikka - Islamic architectural term for the tribune raised upon columns, from which the Koran is recited and the prayers intoned by the Imam of the mosque.
Dimension Stone - Large blocks of stone used in foundations
Dipteral - temples which have a double range of columns in the peristyle, as in the temple of Diana at Ephesus.
Distyle - portico which has two columns between antae, known as distyle-in-antis.
Dodecastyle - temple where the portico has twelve columns in front, as in the portico added to the Temple of Demeter at Eleusis, designed by Philo, the architect of the arsenal at the Peiraeus.


Doric order - one of the three orders or organisational systems of Ancient Greek or classical architecture characterised by columns which stood on the flat pavement of a temple without a base, their vertical shafts fluted with parallel concave grooves topped by a smooth capital that flared from the column to meet a square abacus at the intersection with the horizontal beam that they carried.
Dormer - a structural element of a building that protrudes from the plane of a sloping roof surface. Dormers are used, either in original construction or as later additions, to create usable space in the roof of a building by adding headroom and usually also by enabling addition of windows.
Dosseret, or impost block - the cubical block of stone above the capitals in a Byzantine church, used to carry the arches and vault, the springing of which had a superficial area greatly in excess of the column which carried them. "Dosseret". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). 1911. A supplementary capital or thickened abacus, as in Byzantine architecture.
Double-Hung Windows - Windows with two sashes sliding up and down.
Dripstone - a projecting moulding weathered on the upper surface and throated underneath so as to deflect rain water. When carried round an arch it is called a hood. It is sometimes employed inside a building for a decorative purpose only. "Dripstone". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). 1911.
Dromos - entrance passage or avenue leading to a building, tomb or passageway. Those leading to beehive tombs are enclosed between stone walls and sometimes in-filled between successive uses of the tomb.[1] In ancient Egypt the dromos was straight, paved avenue flanked by sphinxes.[2]
[edit] E
Eaves - Lowest projecting part of a sloped roof
Egg & Dart - Molding in which an egg shape alternates with a dart shape
Elephantine Columns - Tapered; used as porch supports on Bungalows.
Entablature - Horizontal detailing above a classical column and below a pediment, consisting of cornice, frieze and architrave.
Ephebeum - large hall in the ancient Palaestra furnished with seats, the length of which should be a third larger than the width. It served for the exercises of youths of from sixteen to eighteen years of age.
Epinaos - open vestibule (architecture) behind the nave. The term is not found in any classic author, but is a modern coinage, originating in Germany, to differentiate the feature from the opisthodomos, which in the Parthenon was an enclosed chamber.
Estrade - French term for a raised platform or dais. In the Levant, the estrade of a divan is called a Sopha, from which comes our word 'sofa'.
Eustyle - intercolumniation defined by Vitruvius as being of the best proportion, i.e. two and a quarter diameters.
Exedra - Wall alcove with bench space
Eyebrow Window - Roof dormer having low sides; formed by raising small section of roof
[edit] F
Fanlight - window, semicircular or semi-elliptical in shape, with glazing bars or tracery sets radiating out like an open fan.
Feathering - the junction of the foliated cusps in window tracery, but is usually restricted to those cases where it is ornamented. "Cusp". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). 1911.
Feretory - enclosure or chapel within which the ferreter shrine, or tomb (as in Henry VII.'s chapel), was placed.
Finial - Decorative vertical roof ornament
Flushwork - the decorative combination on the same flat plane of flint and ashlar stone. It is characteristic of medieval buildings, most of the survivors churches, in several areas of Southern England, but especially East Anglia. If the stone projects from a flat flint wall, the term is proudwork - as the stone stands "proud" rather than being "flush" with the wall.
Fluting - Narrow vertical grooves on shafts of columns and pilasters
Flying buttress - a specific type of buttress usually found on a religious building such as a cathedral.
Foot-stall - literally translation of “pedestal”, the lower part of a pier in architecture.
Formeret - French term for the wall-rib carrying the web or filling-in of a vault.
Frieze - Band (often decorative) below cornice
[edit] G
gable - a triangular portion of a wall between the edges of a sloping roof
Gablets - triangular terminations to buttresses, much in use in the Early English and Decorated periods, after which the buttresses generally terminated in pinnacles. The Early English gablets are generally plain, and very sharp in pitch. In the Decorated period they are often enriched with paneling and crockets. They are sometimes finished with small crosses, but more often with finials.
Gadrooning - carved or curved molding used in architecture and interior design as decorative motif, often consisting of flutes which are inverted and curved. Popular during the Italian Renaissance.
Gambrel - a symmetrical two-sided roof with two slopes on each side
Garretting, properly Galletting - the process in which the gallets or small splinters of stone are inserted in the joints of coarse masonry to protect the mortar joints. They are stuck in while the mortar is wet.
Gazebo - a freestanding pavilion structure often found in parks, gardens and public areas
Geison - (Greek: γεῖσον - often interchangeable with cornice) the part of the entablature that projects outward from the top of the frieze in the Doric order and from the top of the frieze course of the Ionic and Corinthan orders; it forms the outer edge of the roof on the sides of a structure with a sloped roof.
[edit] H
Hip roof - a type of roof where all sides slope downwards to the walls
Hyphen - possibly from an older term "heifunon"[2] - a structural section connecting the main portion of a building with its projecting "dependencies" or wings.
[edit] J
Jagati - a raised surface, platform or terrace upon which an Indian temple is placed
[edit] K
Keystone (architecture) - the architectural piece at the crown of a vault or arch and marks its apex, locking the other pieces into position.
[edit] L
Lacunar - Latin name in architecture for paneled or coffered ceiling, soffit, or vault adorned with a pattern of recessed paneled.
Lancet window - Window with a pointed arch
Latticework - an ornamental, lattice framework consisting of a criss-crossed pattern
Lesene - a pilaster without a base or a capital[3]
Lintel (architecture) - a horizontal block that spans the space between two supports
Loggia - a gallery formed by a colonnade open on one or more sides. The space is often located on an upper floor of a building overlooking an open court or garden.
Lunette - a half-moon shaped space, either masonry or void
[edit] M
Maksoora - Islamic architectural term given to the sanctuary or praying-chamber in a mosque, which was sometimes enclosed with a screen of lattice-work the word is occasionally used for a similar enclosure round a tomb.
Mandapa - in Indian architecture is a pillared outdoor hall or pavilion for public rituals
Mansard roof - a curb roof in which each face has two slopes, the lower one steeper than the upper. [f. F mansarde (F. M~, architect, d. 1666)]
Marriage stone - a stone lintel, usually carved, with a marriage date
Modillion - enriched block or horizontal bracket generally found under the cornice and above the bedmold of the Corinthian entablature. It is probably so called because of its arrangement in regulated distances.
Monotriglyph - interval of the intercolumniation of the Doric column, which is observed by the intervention of one triglyph only between the triglyphs which come over the axes of the columns. This is the usual arrangement, but in the Propylaea at Athens there are two triglyphs over the central intercolumniation, in order to give increased width to the roadway, up which chariots and beasts of sacrifice ascended.
molding (molding) - decorative finishing strip.
Mullion - vertical bar of wood, metal or stone which divides a window into two or more parts (cf. transom).
Muqarna - type of decorative corbel used in Islamic architecture that in some circumstances, resembles stalactites.
Mutule - rectangular block under the soffit of the cornice of the Greek Doric temple, which is studded with guttae. It is supposed to represent the piece of timber through which the wooden pegs were driven in order to hold the rafter in position, and it follows the sloping rake of the roof. In the Roman Doric order the mutule was horizontal, with sometimes a crowning fillet, so that it virtually fulfilled the purpose of the modillion in the Corinthian cornice.
[edit] O
Ogee - Molding with both concave and convex curves
Oillets - arrow slits in the walls of medieval fortifications, but more strictly applied to the round hole or circle with which the openings terminate. The same term is applied to the small circles inserted in the tracery-head of the windows of the Decorated and Perpendicular periods, sometimes varied with trefoils and quatrefoils.
Orthostatae (Greek: ὀρθοστάτης, standing upright) - Greek architecture term for the lowest course of masonry of the external walls of the naos or cella, consisting of vertical slabs of stone or marble equal in height to two or three of the horizontal courses which constitute the inner part of the wall. "orthostatae". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). 1911.
Orthostyle (Greek: ὃρθος, straight, and στῦλος, a column) - a range of columns placed in a straight row, as for instance those of the portico or flanks of a classic temple. "orthostyle". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). 1911.
[edit] P
Parapet - a low wall built upon a platform, terrace, or roof usually located at or slightly back from the outer edge. Historically, parapets were used as a form of protection for soldiers such as atop castles. Parapets are often used as a decorative element and/or as a solid railing for rooftops and terraces. Common uses of parapets include non-structural height extension for a building such as for a decorative cornice, concealment of rooftop surfaces or equipment, or horizontal alignment or emphasis of building masses.
Parclose - screen or railing used to enclose a chantry, tomb or chapel, in a church, and for the space thus enclosed.

Parclose of de Saint Materne Basilica in Walcourt.
Pavilion (structure) - a free standing structure near the main building or an ending structure on building wings
Pediment - (Gr. ἀετός, Lat. fastigium, Fr. ponton), in classic architecture the triangular-shaped portion of the wali above the cornice which formed the termination of the roof behind it. The projecting mouldings of the cornice which surround it enclose the tympanum, which is sometimes decorated with sculpture.
Peripteral - a temple or other structure where the columns of the front portico are returned along its sides as wings at the distance of one or two intercolumniations from the walls of the naos or cella. Almost all the Greek temples were peripteral, whether Doric, Ionic, or Corinthian
Phiale - in Ancient Roman and Byzantine architecture, a fountain surrounded by a domed and (usually) open portico.
Piano nobile - the principal floor of a large house, built in the style of renaissance architecture
Planceer or Planchier - building element sometimes used in the same sense as a soffit, but more correctly applied to the soffit of the corona[disambiguation needed] in a cornice.
Poppy heads - finials or other ornaments which terminate the tops of bench ends, either to pews or stalls. They are sometimes small human heads, sometimes richly carved images, knots of foliage or finials, and sometimes fleurs-de-lis simply cut out of the thickness of the bench end and chamfered. The term is probably derived from the French poupee doll or puppet used also in this sense, or from the flower, from a resemblance in shape.
Porte Cochere - Porch roof projecting over a driveway

Portico
Portico - a series of columns or arches in front of a building, generally as a covered walkway.
Prick post - old architectural name given sometimes to the queen posts of a roof, and sometimes to the filling in quarters in framing. "Prick posts". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). 1911.
Prostyle - free standing columns that are widely spaced apart in a row. The term is often used as an adjective when referring to a portico which projects from the main structure.
Pseudodipteral - a temple which is like the dipteral temple except for omitting the inner row of columns.
Pseudo-peripteral - temple in which the columns surrounding the naos have had walls built between them, so that they become engaged columns, as in the great temple at Agrigentum. In Roman temples, in order to increase the size of the celia, the columns on either side and at the rear became engaged columns, the portico only having isolated columns.
Pteroma - in Classical architecture, the enclosed space of a portico, peristyle, or stoa, generally behind a screen of columns.
Purlin - a horizontal structural member in a roof that supports the loads generated from the roof deck
Pycnostyle - term given by Vitruvius to the intercolumniation between the columns of a temple, when this was equal to 11/2 diameters.
[edit] Q
Quadriporticus - also known as a quadriportico - a four-sided portico. The closest modern parallel would be a colonnaded quadrangle.
Quatrefoil - Four-lobed motif; usually in block shape
Quoins - Units of cut stone or brick used to accentuate the vertical corners of building
[edit] R
Rear vault - vault of the internal hood of a doorway or window to which a splay has been given on the reveal, sometimes the vaulting surface is terminated by a small rib known as the scoinson rib, and a further development is given by angle shafts carrying this rib, known as scoinson shafts.
Reeding - Opposite of fluting; protruding half-round molding
Recessed entryway - A door that recesses into the side of a building to form two walls on either side. Common of Victorian and colonial style designs [4]
Return - receding edge of a flat face. On a flat signboard, for example, the return is the edge which makes up the board's depth.
Revolving Door - an entrance door for excluding drafts from an interior of a building. A revolving door typically consists of three or four doors that hang on a center shaft and rotate around a vertical axis within a round enclosure.
Rib vault - The intersection of two or three barrel vaults
Ridge Roll - Rounded cap covering exterior peak of roof
Rincleau - Scroll or vines cut in stone
Roof comb - the structure that tops a pyramid in monumental Mesoamerican architecture
Rubble - Undressed broken stone used in construction
Rusticated - Stonework with beveled or angled edges
[edit] S
Semi-dome - a half-dome, in an apse or elsewhere.
Slype - a corridor or covered walkway that connects a cathedral or monastery transept to a chapter house
Sommer or Summer - girder or main "summer beam" of a floor: if supported on two storey posts and open below, also called a "bress" or "breast-summer". Often found at the centerline of the house to support one end of a joist, and to bear the weight of the structure above.
Soffit - Underside of an eave, lintel or other horizontal element
Springer (architecture) - an architectural term for the lowest voussoir on each side of an arch.
Sunburst (design) - a design or figure commonly used in architectural ornaments and design patterns, including art nouveau
Systyle - in the classical orders, this describes columns rather thickly set, with an intercolumniation to which two diameters are assigned
Spandrel - in a building facade, esp. glass, the section covering floor partions.
[edit] T
Transom - horizontal element in a window (cf. mullion) or above a door but within its vertical frame .
Tympanum - the triangular space enclosed between the horizontal cornice of the entablature and the sloping cornice of the pediment. Though sometimes left plain, it is often decorated (Greek τύμπανον, from τύπτειν, to strike).
[edit] V
Veranda - Porch that runs along front or side of a building; supported by pillars or columns
Vermiculation - Decorative masonry surface with shallow channels
Volute - Scroll shape found on Ionic capital
Voussoir - Wedge-shaped stones forming curved parts of an arch
[edit] See also

Architecture portal
Classical order
List of architecture topics
List of classical architecture terms
List of architectural vaults
List of molding types
[edit] References:

^ Ching, Francis D.K. (1995). A Visual Dictionary of Architecture. New York: John Wiley and Sons. p. 30. ISBN 0-471-82451-3.
^ Richard Taylor, AIA (10 April 2007). "Q & an AB out "heifunon."" (html). All Experts, owned by About.com. http://en.allexperts.com/q/Architecture-2369/heifunon.htm. "Question: In the film At First Sight the word "heifunon" was mentioned as a supposed architectural term… Is there really such a word? I can find nothing with that spelling. Answer: My guess is that they're talking about a "hyphen" … a connecting piece between two larger masses of a building. It's most commonly used when referring to Colonial-era houses - especially the Georgian style. Take a look at the photo [of the James Brice house] at the top of this page. The hyphens are clearly visible on either side of the main house block. The masses connected to the main house by the hyphens are called dependencies."
^ Hartwell, Clare; Nikolaus Pevsner (2009) [1969]. The Buildings of England. Lancashire: North. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. p. 727. ISBN 978 0 300 12667 9.
^ http://enduringcharm.com/inspiration/newport.html
^ This article incorporates content from the 1728 Cyclopaedia, a publication in the public domain.
This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica, Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.
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Posted By: Amie Marilou M. Cuarez